发表于： 2018-01-09 22:38:20
2 1096
今天完成的事情：学习BeautifulSoup
1、BeautifulSoup介绍
BeautifulSoup是一个可以从HTML或XML文件中提取数据的Python库，利用它能方便的实现网页信息的抓取，是个爬虫利器。
中文文档：https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/doc.zh/
2、安装
Windows下安装：命令行下运行 pip install beautifulsoup4
PyCharm开发环境下安装：File->Settings->Project Interpreter，点击“+”号搜索到“beautifulsoup4“，安装即可。
3、学习代码示例
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
html_doc = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1">Elsie</a>,
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister litter" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc,"html.parser")
print('===================')
print('1--- ', soup.title)
print('2--- ', soup.title.string)
print('3--- ', soup.title.name)
print('4--- ', soup.title.parent.name)
print('5--- ', soup.p)
print('6--- ', soup.p['class'])
print('7--- ', soup.p.attrs['class'])
print('8--- ', soup.a)
print('9--- ', soup.find(id='link3'))
print('10-- ', soup.find('p', {'class': 'story'}).get_text())
for link in soup.findAll('a'):
print('11-- ', link.get_text())
for link2 in soup.select('.sister'):
print('12-- ', link2.get('href'))
for tag in soup.find_all(re.compile("^b")):
print('13-- ', tag.name)
运行结果如下：
D:\PycharmProjects\untitled\venv\Scripts\python.exe D:/PycharmProjects/PyCode/beautifulsoup.py
===================
1--- <title>The Dormouse's story</title>
2--- The Dormouse's story
3--- title
4--- head
5--- <p class="title"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
6--- ['title']
7--- ['title']
8--- <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie</a>
9--- <a class="sister litter" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>
10-- Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
Elsie,
Lacie and
Tillie;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
11-- Elsie
11-- Lacie
11-- Tillie
12-- http://example.com/elsie
12-- http://example.com/lacie
12-- http://example.com/tillie
13-- body
13-- b
Process finished with exit code 0
收获：在学习 BeautifulSoup的过程中，同时也初步学习了正则表达式的使用。我感觉这两者配合使用，在爬虫领域内，应该大有作为吧。
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